Abstract: In order to reasonably develop and efficiently solve shelter coverage selection model in large-scale evacuation scenarios, a coverage and selection model of urban emergency shelters considering spreading operation, and an improved QGA, were proposed. First, with minimum total evacuation time as objective function, and discreteness of allocation results, evacuation start position and shelter capacity as constraints, a coverage and selection model was established. Then, three different solving methods were proposed based on spreading operations and QGA, which were considering changeable spreading speeds, considering unchangeable spreading speed, and without considering spreading operations. Finally, with Huangpu District in Shanghai being taken as a research region, solving abilities of three methods were compared and analyzed, and evacuation route and thermal diagrams were drawn out. The results show that the model can provide two-way coverage selection results of residential buildings and shelters. In solving the model, spreading quantum genetic algorithm considering different spreading speeds can quickly obtain planning scheme with lowest dispersion and shortest total evacuation time.

Key words: urban emergency shelters, coverage and selection model, quantum genetic algorithm(QGA), spread speed, evacuation route